Kathleen Moriarty

Thinking on the Edge Key to Future Incident Response

Kathleen Moriarty

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The second Coordinating Attack Response at Internet Scale workshop (CARIS2) met earlier this year to discuss changes to infrastructure and monitoring as on-the-wire or transport encryption becomes stronger (for example, TLS 1.3 and QUIC) and ubiquitous.


The overall theme for CARIS is to better scale incident response, which also includes research leading to attack prevention in protocols and systems. Security controls and incident detection techniques will inevitably shift to the endpoint, requiring innovation to better secure our networks and develop new detection capabilities.

There are numerous research areas to explore related to this shift and CARIS2 worked to prioritise viable concepts that emerged from collaborative brainstorming breakouts, some of which I’ve summarised below. You can learn more by reading the full report (in development).

Many hands (and minds) make for interesting work

CARIS2 drew a diverse set of participants, which aided productive collaboration. The workshop had four main breakout sessions, with specific objectives and guidance enabling brainstorming in non-competitive areas to ensure open collaboration and progress the workshop themes. The generated research ideas also facilitated a work stream to progress ideas, possibly through the IETF, or IRTF.

The presentations from selected papers served as an introduction to either a model to emulate for scaling, or for balancing defence and monitoring capabilities while considering privacy in an encrypted world.

In the first case, there are some strong examples such as the Manufacturer Usage Description (MUD) protocol where a “manufacturer” (which could be a vendor or even a distributor) establishes the expected use profile for a device. The MUD profile can be updated by the manufacturer when new firmware or software is released or in the event of a vulnerability announcement.

By shifting the responsibility of generating filters that can go beyond the access control level of ports and protocols to the manufacturer, the security management scales – in that a small number of analysts can set the policy for devices widely deployed in numerous environments. The Protocol for Automatic Security Configuration (PASC) and the Protocol for Automatic Vulnerability Assessment (PAVA), builds upon MUD and also holds promise for scaling security management.

The paper on IPv6 aggregation served as an excellent introduction to a brainstorming session determining methods for conducting monitoring while considering privacy. The IPv6 aggregation work was developed by two researchers, Dave Plonka and Arthur Berger, who perform measurement research with access to large amounts of data at Akamai. With an interest in using IPv6 data at the endpoint, but protecting user privacy in the middle of the network, this idea works to balance measurement capabilities with privacy for end users. Using this work as an example to promote similar methodologies for research on monitoring and measurement has the potential to overcome the ‘arms race’ between network monitoring and privacy in technology standards. See the CARIS2 report and papers for more information on projects resulting from this breakout discussion.

Another breakout that had participants quite engaged, examined the effectiveness of indicators or incident exchange groups, exploring opportunities to improve the efficiency and scale of response. This breakout followed a different format that kept participants actively engaged after two long days participation.

Figure 1: Whiteboard at an incident response breakout at CARIS2

An artist in the room drew a sailboat on the whiteboard with wind in its sails, an anchor, and an iceberg looming ahead. Each participant had sticky notes to write out what they felt was supporting incident responders (wind in their sails), holding them back (anchor), and what trouble lay ahead (iceberg). The resulting prioritised list provides rich research opportunities to advance incident response in terms of efficiency and scale. A few highlighted items include:

Supporting

  • Trust in incident response teams
  • Need to protect network as a forcing
    function
  • Current efforts supported by profit
  • FEAR – initially a burst of wind, but
    eventually leads to complacency

Dragging

  • Too many standards
  • Regional border impact data flows
  • Lack of resources/participation
  • Monoculture

Looming problems ahead

  • Dynamic threat landscape
  • Liability
  • Bifurcation of Internet
  • Lack of skilled analysts
  • Sensitivity of Intelligence/trust

The results are summarised in more detail in the report and will be useful in research to improve the problem space.

I’m encouraged by the output and work efforts resulting from CARIS2 and look forward to resulting research work and future CARIS workshops.

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About the author

Kathleen Moriarty, technology strategist and board advisor, helping companies lead through disruption. Adjunct Professor at Georgetown SCS, also offering two corporate courses on Security Architecture and Architecture for the SMB Market. Formerly as the Chief Technology Officer, Center for Internet Security Kathleen defined and led the technology strategy, integrating emerging technologies. Prior to CIS, Kathleen held a range of positions over 13 years at Dell Technologies, including the Security Innovations Principal in Dell Technologies Office of the CTO and Global Lead Security Architect for EMC Office of the CTO working on ecosystems, standards, risk management and strategy. In her early days with RSA/EMC, she led consulting engagements interfacing with hundreds of organisations on security and risk management, gaining valuable insights, managing risk to business needs. During her tenure in the Dell EMC Office of the CTO, Kathleen had the honor of being appointed and serving two terms as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Security Area Director and as a member of the Internet Engineering Steering Group from March 2014-2018. Named in CyberSecurity Ventures, Top 100 Women Fighting Cybercrime. She is a 2020 Tropaia Award Winner, Outstanding Faculty, Georgetown SCS. Keynote speaker, podcast guest, frequent blogger bridging a translation gap for technical content, conference committee member, and quoted on publications such as CNBC and Wired. Kathleen achieved over twenty five years of experience driving positive outcomes across Information Technology Leadership, short and long-term IT Strategy and Vision, Information Security, Risk Management, Incident Handling, Project Management, Large Teams, Process Improvement, and Operations Management in multiple roles with MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Hudson Williams, FactSet Research Systems, and PSINet. Kathleen holds a Master of Science Degree in Computer Science from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, as well as, a Bachelor of Science Degree in Mathematics from Siena College. Published Work: - Transforming Information Security: Optimizing Five Concurrent Trends to Reduce Resource Drain, July 2020.

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